Oil-engine.



A, CLARE,

OIL ENGINE,

APPLIGATIOH FILED 1330.5, 1911.

Patented Jan. 13, 191%.

VJTIETEEEGP sine FEE-EN GEE Specification of Letters Petena.

l aeenteel Elan. E3, 1914.

e nesnmi eiea'oecember 5, 'Serial lilo. scenes.

Y To aZZ whom if; may concern Be it known that l l'l in'riinor A. Ginsu,

on the interior of the combustion chamber.

With this object in view the invention con sists mainly in the provision of a cooledsurface against which the oil when firstadmittedis caused to impinge and by which it is broken up'inlo small particles and distributed throughoutt-he combuseion chainber, in combination with means for injecting the oil, and means forigniting the same.

An embodiment of means for carrying my invention into ell'ect is illustrated. in the accompanying drawings and described in the y bodirne'nt of my inventionin detail, 1 reprefollowing specification. y

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of the combustion chamber of an internal combustion rnotor to which my invention is applied:

y invention resides.

Fig. 2- is a side elevation of the same as seen from the right or 1. Fig. 3 is a cross sectiouon line 33-301. Fig. 1.

in order that the purpose of my invention may be more readily understood 1 will de scribe briefly a common and Well-known type of oil engine and the objectionable condition Which occurs in theusc of such engine, and which it is the purpose my invention to overcome, before proceeding to a detailed description of the improvement in which my In certain types of engins using comparatively non-volatile oil as fuel and injecting such oil directly into the engine cylinder, the i nition is effected by forcing the oil in a stream against a hot sur face. The stream is broken up inio fine particles by impact against the surface, which particles are first vaporized and then ignited by; the heat retained in the hot, surface and inladjoining parts of the cylinder head. ltlhas been found that. there is a tendency in such engines for the oil to carbonize on the hol; surface, with dGPOSl? tions of solid carbon she shape of a ring or crater surrounding the point of impinge nient ofthe fuel stream, which is reductive of certain very obiioxious e ects. The crater is constantly being built up while the engine 1S in' use and after a time extends so fanfroin the iinyingeinent surface as to surround and confine the iilni of oil, preventing the particles fiOin bein'g projected from its edge and from mixing thoroughly with the air already compressed in the cone bustion chamber. in this Way mixing of the oil vapor with air which is necessary to secure complete combustion, is retarded, the vapor and air are not; properly mixed, and the oil is not thoroughly consumed. Another objectionable result is that the mate rial in the crater becomes incandescent and causes premature ignition of the oil immediately adjacent to it, resulting in incom lete combustion with more and more rapi as posit of solid material on the crater. 'l'he manner in which I avoid this objectionable 'resulltg staled in the briefest manner, is by pgovi clhng a cool surface for impingement of t. e 01 Referring to Fig. I which shows an emsents the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and 2 represents the head thereof inclosing;- a combu'stionspace 3. This head is secured to the body of the cylinder in any suitable way, es by bolts i. 5 represents the noezlethrough which the fuel is injected and 6- represents the impingement surface. This surface isair insulated from the head 2 and is maintained constantly at a temperature enoughlower than the dissociation temperature of the oil to prevent the formation of deposit of the character above referrc l to. For the nurpose of maintaining this temperature I provide means for circulating a cooling liquid, ordinarily Water, in thermal contact With the surface. Accordingly the impingement surface is made as the end Wall of a hollow pin or tube 7 which passes through the end Wall ofthe cylinder head at or near the center thereof 105 as shown clearly Fin Fig. 1. .TlliS plug,

which may also be called an impingement member, is preferably secured by-an integral flange 8 Within the cylinder head and a nut- 9- screwed upon it outside oi the head, such 11o flange and nut gripping the head etween them. Cooling Water is circulated through Luna the impingement member, being delivered at a point close to the surface or wall 6 by an inlet tube 10 and passingv away through the space 11 in the plug outside such tube.

A coupling 12 is fastened upon the outer end at the plug and has an inlet branch to which the cooling water is conducted by a pipe 1-3 and through which the induction pipe 10 extends. To another branch of the coupling is coupled a pipe 14 for carrying away the cooling water.

The fuel nozzle 5: passes through the side of the cylinder head and is also preferably water-cooled. Such nozzle which is fully described and claimed in Letters Patent No. 1,031,422, granted to me July 2, 1912, is conveniently made as a casting having a central passage 15 for the fuel and passages 16 and 17 on each side of the fuel passage for thecooling water. These water passages are connected at the end of the nozzle by a transverse channel 18. For convenience in casting and finishing the nozzle it is made with the oil channel open at both ends and i with an opening in the outer wall in line with the oil channel. When finished this opening is closed by a plug 19 and the adjacent end of-the oil channel is closed by a plug 20. A pipe 21 conducts oil to the chanml 15 and is connected thereto by a nipple and coupling A pipe 24 for supplving cooling water to the channel 16 of the nozzle is connected at one side of the nozzle, and an eduction pipe is connected to the opposits side of the nozzle in communication with the channel 1?. The eduction pipe may conveniently be the pipe 13 which conducts the cooling water to the impingement plug or member 7. in this way the same cooling water is caused tofiow through both the nozzle and the impingement member. In the side of the fuel channel nearest the inipingement surface is an opening which is closed by a screw plug 25 having a passage directed toward the impingement surface and terminating in a restricted orifice 26 which governs the size of the ejected jet.-

Preferably the jet orifice is located in the axis of the cylinder and the impingement surface is in a plane perpendicular to the axis, so that the jet is caused to strike squarely against the impingement surfaceand be dispersed equally in all directions throughout the combustion chamber.

' Surrounding the impingement member is a ring 27 which is set somewhat back from, or above, the plane of the impingement surface and is insulated by an air space there from. This ring is hung from! the head 2 in such a manner as to be practically insulated therefrom. There may also be suspended near the side walls of the head a larger ring 28 which is not an absolue necessity, but may be a useful ad unct to the engine.

used for heating'the ignition tube and cyl- 1 inder head in starting the engine when cold, and also tomaintain the temperature of the head at a high degree after the engine is running by forming an air chamber around the hood, the hood preventing currents of air from cooling the {head itself.

' I11 starting the engine the head and ignition tube are first heated by means of a torch, then a charge of oil is mjected, and the piston is moved so as to draw a charge of air into the cylinder and tocompress the air in the cylinder head. Preferably the stroke is long enough to carry the piston nearly up to the cylinder head so that the entire charge is compressed in the combustion space 3. Some of the oil is carried by the air into the heated tube 29, which, with the aid of the heat of compression, causes the first charges to be ignited. After a few explosions have occurred the rings 27 and 7 2S become red hot and .the ignition tube and cylinder head are, allowed to cool oif. The purpose of the ring 27 is to retain a sulficient degree of heat to'ignite the atomized and vaporized oil scattered from the impingement surface 6, while the ring 28 is intended to retain heatfor heating the compressed charges of air. The engine will run satisfactorily, however, without the ring 28, consequently the same is notan indispensable part of my invention and ma be omitted without departing from the spirit of the invention.

A suiiiciently rapid circulation of cooling water is maintained in the impingement plug to keep the surface 6 thereof at a temperature lower than that at which the oil is broken up intoits elements Thus the oil adhering to the plug around the point of a contact of the steam is not burned or destroyed, but is thrown out by the impact of the steam in all directions without restric-' tion. The coating of oil which remains on the surface bet-ween charges is not burned, but remains in liquid condition and is forced away by the succeeding charge. As soon as the separated particles pass beyond the cooled impingement surface they come into range of the heat radiatingfrom the ring 27 and to some extent into contact with the ring, being thereby vapor-iced and ignited.

If the surface 6 were not cooled asdescribed,

the oil striking upon and adhering to it would be destroyed, with dep-v ition of a crust which would in time form a crater,

with the objectionable results outlined at the beginning of this specification.

It is to be understood that I do not limitthe broader aspects of my invention to the particular details of construction and arrangement of parts here shown and illustrated, as the invention may be embodied in many other forms and may be employed in connection with engines of widely varying types without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

I claim,-

1. In an internal combustion motor hav ing a combustion space, means for injecting liquid fuel into said combustion space, a member projecting into said combustion space from the Wall thereof upon which the fuel impinges, means for abstracting heat from said member and maintaining its temperature at a relatively low point, and an incandescent igniting member surrounding said first-named member. I

2. In an internal combustion motor having a combustion space, means for injecting liquid fuel into said combustion space, a member projecting into said combustion space from the Wall thereof upon which the fuel impinges and air insulated from said Wall, means for abstracting heat from said member and maintaining its temperature ata relatively low point and an incandescent igniting member surrounding said first named member.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, the combination of an impinge'rent member extending into the combustion chamber, means for cooling such impingement member, injecting means arranged to throw a jet of oil against said member, and a heat-retaining body adjacent to said impingement member and air in-, sulated from the chamber walls for igniting the fuel.

l. In an internal cmnbustion engine having a combustion chamber, the combination of an impingement member extending into the combustion chamber and insulated from the walls thereof, means for cooling such impingement member, injecting means arranged to throw a jet of oil against said member, and a heat-retaining body adjacent to said impingement member andalso insulated from the chamber Walls for igniting the fuel.

5. in an internal combustion motor having a combustion space, the combination with a jacketed fuel nozzle projecting into the combustion space of the engine, of a hollow impingement member opposedto the nozzle outlet, and. means for circulating a cooling fluid in series th ugh the nozzle jacket and the impingement member.

6. In an engine of the character described, an impingement plug extending into the combustion chamber of the engine and having a substantially plane end surface, means for continually abstracting heat from 'said plug, a nozzle extending into the combustion chamber and arranged to discharge against such end surface, and a heat-retaining body surrounding said plug and insulated therefrom.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a recessed cylinder head inclosing a combustion chamber, a hollow plug projecting through the end of the head, means for circulating water through said plug, a heat-retaining ring suspended from the head and surrounding the plug, and a second heat-retaining ring adjacent to the side walls of the cylinder head for imparting heat to the air compressed in the combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

'WINTHROP A. CLARK.

Witnesses ROBERT J. Gore, GEORGE R..CLosn. 

